update page structures

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Zheyuan Wu
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# Exam 2 Review
## Reductions
We say that a problem $A$ reduces to a problem $B$ if there is a **polynomial time** reduction function $f$ such that for all $x$, $x \in A \iff f(x) \in B$.
To prove a reduction, we need to show that the reduction function $f$:
1. runs in polynomial time
2. $x \in A \iff f(x) \in B$.
### Useful results from reductions
1. $B$ is at least as hard as $A$ if $A \leq B$.
2. If we can solve $B$ in polynomial time, then we can solve $A$ in polynomial time.
3. If we want to solve problem $A$, and we already know an efficient algorithm for $B$, then we can use the reduction $A \leq B$ to solve $A$ efficiently.
4. If we want to show that $B$ is NP-hard, we can do this by showing that $A \leq B$ for some known NP-hard problem $A$.
$P$ is the class of problems that can be solved in polynomial time. $NP$ is the class of problems that can be verified in polynomial time.
We know that $P \subseteq NP$.
### NP-complete problems
A problem is NP-complete if it is in $NP$ and it is also NP-hard.
#### NP
A problem is in $NP$ if
1. there is a polynomial size certificate for the problem, and
2. there is a polynomial time verifier for the problem that takes the certificate and checks whether it is a valid solution.
#### NP-hard
A problem is NP-hard if every instance of $NP$ hard problem can be reduced to it in polynomial time.
List of known NP-hard problems:
1. 3-SAT (or SAT)
2. Independent Set
3. Vertex Cover
4. 3-coloring
5. Hamiltonian Cycle
6. Hamiltonian Path
## Approximation Algorithms
## Randomized Algorithms
## Online Algorithms

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export default {
index: {
display: 'hidden'
index: "Course Description",
"---":{
type: 'separator'
},
Exam_reviews: "Exam reviews",
CSE347_L1: "Lecture 1",

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export default {
index: {
display: 'hidden'
index: "Course Description",
"---":{
type: 'separator'
},
Exam_reviews: "Exam reviews",
CSE442T_L1: "Lecture 1",

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## Introduction
Reading is not recommended before class, it;s hard.
Reading is not recommended before class, it's hard.
## Chapter 1: The real number and complex number systems

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export default {
index: {
display: 'hidden'
index: "Course Description",
"---":{
type: 'separator'
},
Exam_reviews: "Exam reviews",
Math4111_L1: "Lecture 1",

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export default {
index: {
display: 'hidden'
index: "Course Description",
"---":{
type: 'separator'
},
Math429_L1: "Lecture 1",
Math429_L2: "Lecture 2",