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# CSE510 Lecture 5 # CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 5)
## Passive Reinforcement Learning ## Passive Reinforcement Learning

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# CSE510 Lecture 6 # CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 6)
## Active reinforcement learning ## Active reinforcement learning
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$$ $$
5. Goto 2 5. Goto 2
> [!NOTES] > [!NOTE]
> >
> Compared with Q-learning, SARSA (on-policy) usually takes more "safer" actions. > Compared with Q-learning, SARSA (on-policy) usually takes more "safer" actions.

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# CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 7)
## Large Scale RL
So far we have represented value functions by a lookup table
- Every state s has an entry V(s), or
- Every state-action pair (s, a) has an entry Q(s, a)
Reinforcement learning should be used to solve large problems, e.g.
- Backgammon: 10^20 states
- Computer Go: 10^170 states
- Helicopter, robot, ...: enormous continuous state space
Tabular methods clearly cannot handle this.. why?
- There are too many states and/or actions to store in memory
- It is too slow to learn the value of each state individually
- You cannot generalize across states!
### Value Function Approximation (VFA)
Solution for large MDPs:
- Estimate the value function using a function approximator
**Value function approximation (VFA)** replaces the table with general parameterize form:
$$
\hat{V}(s, \theta) \approx V_\pi(s)
$$
or
$$
\hat{Q}(s, a, \theta) \approx Q_\pi(s, a)
$$
Benefit:
- Can generalize across states
- Save memory (only need to store the function approximator parameters)
### End-to-End RL
End-to-end RL methods replace the hand-designed state representation with raw observations.
- Good: We get rid of manual design of state representations
- Bad: we need tons of data to train the network since O_t usually WAY more high dimensional than hand-designed S_t
## Function Approximation
- Linear function approximation
- Neural network function approximation
- Decision tree function approximation
- Nearest neighbor
- ...
In this course, we will focus on **Linear combination of features** and **Neural networks**.
Today we will do Deep neural networks (fully connected and convolutional).
### Artificial Neural Networks
#### Neuron
$f(x) = \mathbb{R}^k\to \mathbb{R}$
$z=a_1w_1+a_2w_2+\cdots+a_kw_k+b$
$a_1,a_2,\cdots,a_k$ are the inputs, $w_1,w_2,\cdots,w_k$ are the weights, $b$ is the bias.
Then we have activation function $\sigma(z)$ (usually non-linear)
##### Activation functions
Always positive.
- ReLU (rectified linear unit):
- $$
\text{ReLU}(x) = \max(0, x)
$$
- Sigmoid:
- $$
\text{Sigmoid}(x) = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}
$$

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CSE510_L4: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 4)", CSE510_L4: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 4)",
CSE510_L5: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 5)", CSE510_L5: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 5)",
CSE510_L6: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 6)", CSE510_L6: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 6)",
CSE510_L7: "CSE510 Deep Reinforcement Learning (Lecture 7)",
} }