upgrade structures and migrate to nextra v4

content/CSE332S/CSE332S_L7.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# CSE332S Lecture 7
+
+## Debugging
+
+Debugger let’s us:
+
+1. Execute code incrementally
+   a. Line by line, function to function, breakpoint to breakpoint
+2. Examine state of executing program
+   a. Examine program call stack
+   b. Examine variables
+
+When to debug:
+
+1. Trace how a program runs
+2. Program crashes
+3. Incorrect result
+
+### Basic debugging commands
+
+Set breakpoints
+Run program - program stops on the first breakpoint it encounters
+From there:
+
+- Execute one line at a time
+- Step into (step out can be useful if you step into a function outside of your code)
+- Step over
+
+- Execute until the next breakpoint (continue)
+
+While execution is stopped:
+
+- Examine the state of the program
+  - Call stack, variables, ...
+
+### Lots of power, but where to start?
+
+Stepping through the entire program is infeasible
+
+Think first!!!
+
+- What might be going wrong based on the output or crash message?
+- How can I test my hypothesis?
+  - Can I narrow down the scope of my search?
+  - Can I recreate the bug in a simpler test case/simpler code?
+- Set breakpoints in smart locations based on my hypothesis
+
+### Today’s program
+
+A simple lottery ticket game
+
+1. User runs the program with 5 arguments, all integers (1-100)
+2. Program randomly generates 10 winning numbers
+3. User wins if they match 3 or more numbers
+
+At least that’s how it should run, but you will have to find and fix a few issues first
+
+First, let’s look at some things in the code
+
+- Header guards/pragma once
+- Block comments: Who wrote this code? and what does it do?
+- Multiple files and including header files
+  - **Do not define functions in header files, declarations only**
+  - **Do not #include .cpp files**
+  - Function or data type must be declared before it can be used
+
+#### Header Guards
+
+```cpp
+#pragma once // alternative to traditional header guards, don't need to do both.
+#ifndef ALGORITHMS_H
+#define ALGORITHMS_H
+#include<vector>
+void insertion_sort(std::vector<int> & v);
+bool binary_search(const std::vector<int> & v, int value);
+#endif // ALGORITHMS_H
+```
+
+The header guard is used to prevent the header file from being included multiple times in the same file.