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+# CSE361S Week 1 (Compact Version)
+
+## Conservation of Bits
+
+What you get is what you assigned.
+
+### Signed and Unsigned
+
+- Signed: The most significant bit is the sign bit.
+  - Two's complement: Range is from -2^(w-1) to 2^(w-1) - 1.
+  - Created by `int i = -1;`
+- Unsigned: The most significant bit is the value bit.
+  - Range is from 0 to 2^w - 1.
+  - Created by `unsigned int i = 1;` or `int i = 1U;`
+
+During the conversion, the binary representation of the number is the same.
+
+For example, `-1` in signed is `0b11111111` in signed. and `0b11111111` in signed is `255` in unsigned.
+
+Any arithmetic operation in signed and unsigned follows the same rules. `0b00000000` is `0` in signed and unsigned. and `0-1=255` in unsigned but `-1` in signed. (The binary representation of `-1` in signed is `0b11111111` and `0b11111111` is `255` in unsigned.)
+
+### Shift Operations
+
+- Logical Shift: Shift the bits and fill in the new bits with 0. (used for unsigned numbers)
+- Arithmetic Shift: Shift the bits and fill in the new bits with the sign bit. (used for signed numbers)
+
+## Bytes
+
+### Byte Ordering
+
+For Example: `0x12345678`
+
+- Little Endian: The least significant byte is stored at the lowest address.  
+  - `0x78` is stored at the lowest address.
+- Big Endian: The most significant byte is stored at the lowest address.
+  - `0x12` is stored at the lowest address.
+
+### Representing Strings
+
+- `char *str = "12345";`
+
+In memory, it is stored as `0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34 0x35` with terminating null character `0x00`.