Files
NoteNextra-origin/content/Math401/Math401_P1_2.md
2025-07-10 13:53:04 -05:00

11 lines
485 B
Markdown

# Math 401, Paper 1, Side note 2: Page's lemma
The page's lemma is a fundamental result in quantum information theory that provides a lower bound on the probability of error in a quantum channel.
## Statement
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a Hilbert space and $\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H})$ be the set of linear operators on $\mathcal{H}$.
Let $\mathcal{E}: \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H}) \to \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H})$ be a quantum channel.
Then, for any $\rho \in \mathcal{L}(\mathcal{H})$, we have: